Naqshbandiya:
The Naqshbandiya
tariqah is named after Hadrat Shah Baha al-Din Naqshband Radi
Allahu anhu [d.791H / 1389CE] and is a tariqah that is widely
active throughout the world today. It is described as the 'Mother
of all Tariqah's' by Shaykh Ahmad al-Faruqi al-Sirhindi [d.1034H
/ 1624CE]( Radi Allahu anhu). There are hundreds of Spiritual
Order's which are all on the correct path but the Naqshbandiya,
together with the Qadiriya, Chistiya and Suhrawardiya, are considered
as the four main Silsila's of the Ahl as-Sunnah wa'l Jama'at.
The designation
of the Naqshbandi Golden Chain has changed from century to century.
From the time of Hadrat Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radi Allahu ta'ala
anhu to the time of Hadrat Bayazid al-Bistami radi Allahu ta'ala
anhu it was called as-Siddiqiyya. From the time of Bayazid al-Bistami
[d.261H] radi Allahu ta'ala anhu to the time of Sayyadina Abdul
Khaliq al-Ghujdawani [d.575H] radi Allahu anhu it was called
at-Tayfuriyya. From the time of Sayyadina 'Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujdawani
radi Allahu ta'ala anhu to the time of Hadrat Shah Naqshband
radi Allahu ta'ala anhu it was called the Khwajaganiyya.
From the
time of Hadrat Shah Naqshband [d.791H] radi Allahu ta'ala anhu
through the time of Sayyadina Ubaidullah al-Ahrar radi Allahu
ta'ala anhu and Sayyidina Ahmad Faruqi [d.1034H] radi Allahu
ta'ala anhu, it was called Naqshbandiyya. Naqshbandiyya means
to "tie the Naqsh very well." The Naqsh is the perfect
engraving of Allah's Name in the heart of the murid [disciple].
From the time of Sayyadina Ahmad al-Faruqi [d.1034H] radi Allahu
anhu to the time of Shaykh Khalid al-Baghdadi [d.1242H] radi
Allahu anhu it was called Naqshbandi-Mujaddidiyya. From the
time of Sayyidina Khalid al-Baghdadi [d.1242H] radi Allahu anhu
until the time of Sayyadina Shaykh Ismail Shirwani radi Allahu
anhu it was called the Naqshbandiyya-Khalidiyya.
http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/Intl/Bahauddin_Uzbk.htm
Qadiriyyah:
Qadiriyyah
(also transliterated Kadri, Elkadry, Kadray, Qadiri or Qadri),
is one of the oldest Sufi tariqas. It derives its name from
Abdul-Qadir Gilani (radi Allah anhu) (also transliterated as
"Jil lani" or "Jailani" and "Jilali"
in the Maghreb) AH 470 (1077-1166), a native of the Iranian
province of Gilan. In 1134 he was made principal of a Sunni
Hanbalite school in Baghdad.
His contribution
and renown in the sciences of Sufism and Sharia was so immense
that he became known as the spiritual pole of his time, al-Gauth
al Azam (the "Supreme Helper" or the "Mightiest
Succor"). His writings were similar to those of al-Ghazali
in that they dealt with both the fundamentals of Islam and the
mystical experience of Sufism.
The Order
is the most widespread of the Sufi Orders in the Islamic world
and can be found in Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan,
Turkey, the Balkans, China, as well as much of the East and
West Africa, like Morocco.[citation needed]
There are
even small groups in Europe and the Americas. The famous traveller
and writer Isabelle Eberhardt also belonged to the Qadiri order.
http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/Intl/GausPak.htm
Chishtiya:
The Chishti
Order is a Sufi order within the mystic branches of Islam which
was founded in Chisht, a small town near Herat, about 930 C.E.
and continues to this day. The Chishti Order is known for its
emphasis on love, tolerance, and openness.
The order
was founded by Abu Ishaq Shami (radi Allah anhu) (the
Syrian) who belonged to Syria introduced the ideas Sufism
in the town of Chisht, some 95 miles east of Herat in present-day
western Afghanistan. Before returning to Syria Hazrat Shami(radi
Allah anhu) initiated, trained and deputized the son of the
local Aamir, Abu Ahmad Abdal (radi Allah anhu) (d. 966). Under
the leadership of Abu Ahmads (radi Allah anhu) descendants,
the Chishtiya as they are also known, flourished as a regional
mystical order.
The most
famous of the Chishti saints is Hazrat Moinuddin Chishti (radi
Allah anhu) (popularly known as Gharib Nawaz meaning 'Benefactor
of the Poor') who settled in Ajmer, India. He oversaw the growth
of the order in the 13th century as Islamic religious laws were
canonized. Other famous saints of the Chishti Order are Qutbuddin
Bakhtiar Kaki (rehmatullah alaih) , Fariduddin Ganjshakar(rehmatullah
alaih), Nizamuddin Auliya(rehmatullah alaih), Alauddin Ali Ahmed
Sabir Kalyari(rehmatullah alaih), Mohammed Badesha Qadri(rehmatullah
alaih), and Ashraf Jahangir Semnani(rehmatullah alaih).
The silsila
sabiriiya, Nizamiya and Ashrafiya is the branch of Chistiya
Silsila.
Chishti
master Hazrat Inayat Khan (rehmatullah alaih) (18821927)
was the first to bring the Sufi path to the West, arriving in
America in 1910 and later settling near Paris, France. His approach
exemplified the tolerance and openness of the Chishti Order,
following a custom began by Hazrat Moinuddin Chishti (rehmatullah
alaih) of initiating and training disciples regardless of religious
affiliation and which continued through Nizamuddin Auliya (rehmatullah
alaih) and Shaykh ul-Mashaikh Kalimullah Jehanabadi (rehmatullah
alaih) (d. 1720). All his teaching was given in English, and
12 volumes of his discourses on topics related to the spiritual
path are still available from American, European, and Indian
sources. Initiates of his form of Sufi practice now number in
the several thousands all over the world.
A number
of Chishti family members are now living in Pakpattan and Bahawal
Nagar, North of Punjab, Pakistan.
Madariya:
Madariyya
is the name of a Sufi order founded by Hazrat Sayed Badiuddin
Zinda Shah Madar(radi Allah anhu), He is a prominent sufi saint
whose tomb is situated in Makanpur, near Kanpur city in the
State of Uttar Pradesh in INDIA.
He was born
in 242 Hijri, and lived for 576 yrs, When Hazrat Sayed Badiuddin
Zinda Shah Madar(radi Allah anhu was 14 years of age, he had
completed the education and he asked his father Sayed kazi kidwattuddin
ali halbi (radi Allah anhu that he wishes to merge in the Jaffariya
chain.
That thought
also encouraged him to say before his parents that there are
two main tasks to be done in his life one is towards the almighty
Allah and other is towards the parents. Hence he requested them
to let him go into the way of Islam and spread the teachings
of Islam amongst others. He was permitted by his parents for
the task with the answer that we free you from our rights and
let you in the hands of the almighty Allah.
Hazrat Sayed
Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar was the Khalifa of Sultanul Arifeen
Hazrat Bayjid Bustami (radiAllah anhu) when they met Sultanul
Arifeen Hazrat Bayjid Bustami(radiAllah anhu) said that Badiuddin,
I was waiting for you. I used to see a miraculous light here,
but now that I had seen you I believe that the light I had seen
is you.
Mureed
(Disciple) of Hazrat Sayed Bayazid Bustami Sahib:
Hazrat Sayed
Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar (radiAllah anhu) got fame in the
region that there is a true follower of Islam here in the people,
and that he is sure a wali of Allah, who is an example into
himself. When this news reached Hazrat Sayed Bayazid Bustami(radiAllah
anhu), he invited Hazrat Shah Madar Sahib(radiAllah anhu) to
his place.
In the first
meeting he kissed the forehead and eyes of Madar Sahib (radiAllah
anhu) and said that in a dream he saw that The Prophet (may
peace be upon him) in one gathering has ordered Bustami (radiAllah
anhu) that very soon you will meet a man whose name will be
Ahmad Badiuddin(radiAllah anhu). So when you meet him you should
offer him all the teachings that you have earned, as it is his
authority. So I am ready to do so.
After that
Hazrat Sayed Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar(radiAllah anhu) was
pledged with the Tayfooriya chain and was being said as Silsila-e-Tayfooriya.
Hazrat Sayed Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar(radiAllah anhu) accepted
the fellowship of the Bayazid(radiAllah anhu), and he continued
the journey towards Makkah and performed the Hajj. After that
he stayed there for some days. One day when he was doing the
Tawa'af of the Kaba shareef when he heard a voice saying that:
"Badiuddin, you should leave for Madina. Hearing this it
was the extent of his curiosity and he left immediately towards
Madina.
Note: Junaid
Baghdadi has said in his sayings about Hazrat Afreen Bayazid
Bustami((radiAllah anhu) that his status in the walies is the
most prominent one. Where all the ways towards the followers
of the almighty ends, there starts the beginning of the Bayjid
chain.
Hazrat Abu
Sayed Al Khair has said that he has seen that the Bayazid is
the follower of truth.
http://www.zindashahmadar.org
http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/Kanpur.htm
Badawiyyah:
The Badawiyyah,
Sufi tarika, was founded in the thirteenth century in Egypt
by Hazrat Ahmad al-Badawi(radiaAllah anhu). Hazrat Ahmad al-Badawi(radiaAllah
anhu) is one of the 4 main kutub-ul-kutubs of this world who
handels the nizam of all the Auliya Allah.
He was born
in Fez, Morocco in 596 AH and died in Tanta, Egypt in 675 AH.
He was noted for his ascetic behavior, and was also known to
perform many miracles.
This silsila
was, extremely popular during both the Mamluk and Ottoman periods
of Egypt. Mamluk Sultans often supported elaborate 'Mawlids'
at the resting place of Sheikh Ahmed al-Badawi (radiaAllah anhu)
in the Nile Delta town of Tanta.
During the
Ottoman period, this order spread to Turkey and there were several
Tekkes or zawiyas in Istanbul many of which survived until the
founding of the Turkish republic.
The Urs
of Hazrat Seyyid Badawi (radiaAllah anhu) is still celebrated
in Egypt every year where the population of Tanta swells to
almost double. Tents are placed in the streets around the Mosque
of Seyyid Badawi (radiaAllah anhu) where Qur'an recitations
and sermons by important scholars from al-Azhar are delivered.
http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/Intl/Sayed_Ahmed_Al_Badwi.htm
Qalandariyah:
Qalandar
is a title given to Sufi mystics,
The Qalandariyah,
Qalandaris or "kalandars" are wanderering Sufi dervishes.
The term covers a variety of sects, not centrally organized.
One was founded by Qalandar Yusuf al-Andalusi of Andalusia,
Spain.
Starting
in the early 12th century, the movement gained popularity in
Greater Khorasan and neighbouring regions. The first references
are found in 11th century prose text Qalandarname (The Tale
of the Kalandar) attributed to Ansari Harawi. The term Qalandariyyat
(the Qalandar condition) appears to be first applied by Sanai
Ghaznavi (d 1131) in seminal poetic works where diverse practices
are described. Particular to the qalandar genre of poetry are
terms that refer to gambling, games, intoxicants and Nazar ila'l-murd
- themes commonly referred to as kufriyyat or kharabat.
The term
remains in popular culture. Sufi qawwali singers the Sabri brothers
and international Qawwali star Nustrat Fateh Ali Khan favoured
the chant dam a dam masta qalandar (Oh go, go, crazy Qalandar!),
Some famous
Sufis called Qalandar include Dada Hayat Qalandar, Hazrat Lal
Shahbaz Qalander and Bu Ali Shah Qalandar, Hazrat Zhul Al Nun
Misri, Rabia Basri Qalandar.
Today, the
term qalanders in South Asia often refers to roaming Muslim
teachers who may be spiritually associated with the above mentioned
saints.
Rifaiya:
The Founder
of this silsila is Hazrath Syedna Ahmed Kabir Rifayee Razi Allahu
Taala Anhu
His full
name was Abdul Abbas Mohiuddin Syed Ahmed Kabir Rifayee (Razi
Allahu Taala anhu). One of his forefather's name was 'Rifaah'
and so he became very popular with the name of Rifayee. Having
born as 15th descendant of Hazrath Syedna Imam Hussain Razi
Allahu Taala anhu, he was called 'Hussaini'. He belonged to
the 'Shaafayee' Maslak. Even before his birth itself Huzur Akram
Sallallahu Alaih Wasallam prophesied about him to his maternal
uncle Hazrath Baz'as'hab Mansoor Bataahi (R.A.). He asked him
to name the boy Ahmed. He said that he would be the leader of
saints (Auliya Allah) and advised him to send the boy to Shaik
Ali Qadiri Wasthi (R.A.) for education and training.
The order
has a marked presence in Syria and Egypt and plays a noticeable
role in Kosovo and Albania. The Rifa'i Tariqa has a notable
tendency to blend worship styles or ideas with those of other
orders that predominate in the local area. For example, the
group established by Ken'an Rifa'i in Istanbul reflects elements
of the Mevlevi Order, while more rural Turkish Rifa'is have
sometimes absorbed significant influence from the Alevi/Bektashi
tradition.
The order
spread into Anatolia during the 14th and 15th Centuries and
ibn Battuta makes note of Rifa'i 'tekkes' in central Anatolia.
The order however, began to make ground in Turkey during the
17th to 19th centuries when tekkes began to be found in Istanbul
the imperial capital of the Ottoman Empire, from here the order
spread into the Balkans (especially Bosnia (where they are still
present), modern day Albania and Kosovo. During the reign of
Sultan Abdul Hamid II the Rifa'i order gained even more popularity
in Istanbul ranking alongside the Khalwati, Qadiri and Naqshbandi
orders as 'orthodox' Sufi orders.
Current
manifestations of the order in the United States include the
tekkes (lodges) in Staten Island and Toronto that were under
the guidance of the late Shaykh Xhemali Shehu (d.2004) of Prizren,
Kosovo. Each of these orders is ultimately Turkish in origin.
http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/Intl/iraq.htm#14
Shadhili:
The Shazhili
order takes its name from Shaykh Abu'l-Hassan ash-Shazhili (1196/1197
- 1258 CE). He was born in Ghumara, near Cueta in northern Morocco
into a family of peasant labourers. He studied the principles
of Islamic Law (fiqh) at the Qarawiyyin University in Fez. He
subsequently traveled to many countries. In Iraq he met the
Sufi Hazrat Shaykh Wasiti (RA) who told him to return to his
country where he could find Hazrat Moulay Abus-Salam Ibn Mashish
(RA), the great Moroccan spiritual master. He did so, and became
the close follower of this spiritual master who initiated him
in the way of remembrance of Allah. When he met Hazrat Moulay
Abus-Salam (RA), after ritually washing himself, he said, 'O
Allah, I have been washed of my knowledge and action so that
I do not possess knowledge or action except what comes to me
from this Shaykh.'
Shaykh Abu'l-Hassan
ash-Shazhili traveled from Morocco to Spain and finally settled
down in Alexandria in Egypt. Later on in life, when asked who
his spiritual master was, he used to reply, 'I used to be the
close follower (murid) of Hazrat Moulay Abus-Salam Ibn Mashish(RA),
but I am no more the murid of any human master.'
Hazrat Shaykh
Abu'l-Abbas al-Mursi (d. 1288), who succeeded Hazrat Shaykh
ash-Shazhili (RA) as the next spiritual master of the Order,
was asked about the knowledge of his spiritual master and replied,
'He gave me forty sciences. He was an ocean without a shore.'
Hazrat Shaykh
ash-Shazhili (RA) had hundreds of close followers in both Alexandria
and Cairo, not only from among the common people but also from
among the ruling classes. He taught his close followers to lead
a life of contemplation and remembrance of Allah while performing
the normal everyday activities of the world. He disliked initiating
any would-be follower unless that person already had a profession.
His admonition to his close followers was to apply the teachings
of Islam in their own lives in the world and to transform their
existence.
Among the
many writings attributed to Hazrat Shaykh Abu'l-Hassan ash-Shazhili
is famous litany "Hizb al-Bahar".
http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/Intl/Egypt.htm
Shattari
:
Shattari
is a Sufi mystical order (tariqah) originating in Persia in
the fifteenth century A.D. and later taken to India. The word
Shattar means "speed", "rapidness" or "fast-goer
and is a system of spiritual practices which lead quickly to
a state of annihilation of the ego in God (fana) and subsistence
through God (baqa).
Idries Shah(RA),
writing in The Sufis, states that the Shattari technique or
"the Rapidness" originated with the Naqshbandi Sufi
Order and that after the early nineteenth century it returned
to "the custody" of that "parent school".
The Shattari
succession or chain of transmission (silsilah) is said to ultimately
go back to Sheikh Bayazid Taifur Bustami(radiAllah Anhu),whilst
the order itself, which uses the Shattari techniques, is a branch
of the Tayfuri Khanwada and was reputedly founded by Sheikh
Sirajuddin Abdullah Shattar(RA) (d. 1406 CE), a descendent of
Sheikh Shihabuddin Suhrawardi(radiAllahanhu) Shattar was deputized
and given the honorific "Shattar" by his teacher Sheikh
Muhammad Taifur (radiAllahanhu) in recognition of the austerities
he faced in achieving this station (maqaam).
The book
Jawahir-i khams, (The Five Jewels).
Originating
in Persia, the order and its teachings were later brought to
India by Sheikh Abdullah Shattar.(RA) According to Idries Shah(RA),
"Hazrat Shattar (RA) visited India in the fifteenth century,
wandering from one monastery to another, and made known the
method. His procedure was to approach the chief of a Sufi group
and say, 'Teach me your method, share it with me. If you will
not, I invite you to share mine.'"
Hazrat Shattar's(radiAllahanhu)
successor was Shah Wajih ad-Din (RA) (d. 1018 AH / 1609 CE),
a "great saint" who wrote many books and founded an
educational institution (madrasa).[6]
One of the
order's notable masters was the 16th century Sufi saint and
musician, Sayyid Muhammad Ghawth (RA) (d. 1562/3 CE), who developed
the Shattari more fully into a "distinctive order";
taught the Mughal Emperor Humayun,] and wrote the book Jawahir-i
khams, (The Five Jewels). The influence of the Shattari Order
grew strong during Sayyid Muhammad Ghawth(RA) leadership and
spread through South Asia.
Sayyid Muhammad
Ghawth(RA) was also a tutor of the Mughal emperor Akbar's favorite
musician, Tansen. It is uncertain whether Tansen was tutored
in Sufism, in music or in both, but Tansen was familiar with
Sufism. Sayyid Muhammad Ghawth(RA) tomb in Gwalior is a well-known
tourist attraction, and regarded as an excellent example of
Mughal Architecture. Tansen was buried in Ghawth's tomb complex
Suhrawardiyya:
Suhrawardiyya
is the name of a Sufi order founded by Iranian Sufi Diya al-din
Abu 'n-Najib as-Suhrawardi (RA) (1097 1168).
He was a
murid of Ahmad al-Ghazali(RA), who was a brother of Imam Abu
Hamid al-Ghazali.c. 545 A.H. he was teaching Shafi'i fiqh at
Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad Academy. His surviving work is called
Kitab Adab Al-Muridin.
Many Sufis
from all over the Islamic world joined the order under the founder's
nephew Hazrat Shihab ad-din Abu Hafs 'Umar(RA) (1145-1234),
who was sent as emissary to the court of Khwarezm Shah in Bukhara
by the Khalifa in Baghdad. His son is buried in Tashkent. Later
the Order spread into India through Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh
Bukhari(RA) and Hazrat Baha-ud-din Zakariya(RA).
The principal
role in the formation of a conservative new piety
and in the initiation of urban commercial and vocational groups
into mysticism was played by the Suhrawardiyya silsila. Suhrawardiyya
originated in Iraq but succeeded only in India to take shape
as a fraternity with its infrastructure, internal hierarchy
of members and cloisters and a single centre in Multan and Uchch.
The Suhrawardiyya is a strictly Sunni order, guided by Shafi`i
madhab. The Suhrawardiyya trace their spiritual genealogy to
Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (A.S.)through Junayd Baghdadi and al-Ghazali(RDA).
Shaikh Shihab
ad-din Abu Hafs Umar al-Suhrawardi(RA), took recourse to active
life, renounced reclusion and excessive fasting, maintained
close contacts with the authorities, and undertook diplomatic
missions and political settlement of conflicts. His luxurious
cloister in Baghdad, with gardens and bath houses, was specially
built for him by Caliph an-Nasir, on whose behalf Abu Hafs travelled
as an ambassador to the Ayyubid Sultan Malik al-Adil I of Egypt,
to Khwarezm-Shah Muhammad of Bukhara and to Kaiqubad I, the
Seljuk ruler of Konya.
Shaikh Abu
Hafs Umar al-Suhrawardi(RDA), the author of Awarif al-Maarif,
directed his disciples Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari
& Shaikh Baha-ud-din Zakariya of Multan (1182-1262 AD) to
make Multan the center of his activity. Iltutmish appointed
him as "Shaikhul Islam" after the invasion of Multan
and topple its ruler, Qabacha. During the Mongol invasion he
became the peace negotiotor between invaders and muslim army.
Another
Suharwardi, Hazrat Fakharuddin Iraqi (RA) buried at Konya, Turkey,
received formal initiation into the Sufi way under Shaykh Baha'uddin
Zakariya (RA), Hazrat Fakharuddin Iraqi (RA) lived in Multan
for 25 years as one of the Suhrawardis, composing poetry. As
Shaykh Baha'uddin(RA) was dying, he named Hazrat Fakhruddin
'Iraqi (RA ) to be his successor.
When it
became known that Hazrat Fakharuddin Iraqi (RA) had been named
head of the Suhrawardi Order, some in the order became jealous
and denounced him to the Sultan who sought to have 'Iraqi arrested.
Hazrat Fakharuddin
Iraqi (RA) fled the area with a few close companions, and they
eventually made their way to Makkah and Medina. Later they moved
north to Konya in Turkey. This was Konya at the time of Rumi.
'Iraqi often listened to Rumi teach and recite poetry, and later
attended Rumi's funeral.
Although
Hazrat Fakharuddin Iraqi (RA) was nominally the head (in exile)
of a large and respected Sufi order, he humbly became the disciple
of another Sufi masterHazrat Sadruddin Qunawi(RA), who
also lived in Konya at the time. Hazrat Sadruddin Qunawi(RA)
was the son-in-law of the recently deceased Sufi philosopher
Shaikh Ibn 'Arabi(RA). Although less known in the West today
Hazrat Sadruddin Qunawi(RA) was perhaps the pre-eminent Sufi
teacher in Konya at the time, even better known than his neighbor
Rumi.
Hazrat Fakharuddin
Iraqi (RA) was deeply devoted Hazrat Sadruddin Qunawi(RA) and
to the teachings of Ibn 'Arabi(RA). It was a series of speeches
Hazrat Sadruddin Qunawi(RA) delivered on the esoteric meaning
of Ibn 'Arabi's great works that inspired Hazrat Fakharuddin
Iraqi (RA) to compose his own masterpiece of commentary and
poetry named the Lama'at or Divine Flashes.
When Fakhruddin
'Iraqi died he was buried near Ibn 'Arabi's (RA)tomb.
Baha-ud-din
Zakariyas(RA) successor then was his son Shaikh Sadruddin
Arif(RA). His disciple, Amir Husayn(RA)., the author of
Zad- al-Musafirin, wrote several works on the doctrine
Wahdat al-Wujud. Shaikh Arifs(RA). son and caliph, Shaikh
Ruknuddin (RA). was highly respected by the Delhi Sultans from
Alauddin Khilji to Muhammad Ibn Tughlaq.
After the
death of Shaikh Ruknuddin(RA) the Suhrawardiyya silsila declined
in Multan but became popular in other provinces like Uch, Gujarat,
Punjab, Kashmir and even Delhi. Suharawardiyya order of Sufism
became popular in Bengal (Contemporary Relevance of Sufism,
1993, published by Indian Council for Cultural relations).
It was popularised
and revitalized by Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari(RA)
known as Makhdum Jahaniyan, the world traveler. He was puritan
and strongly objected the Hindu influences to Muslim social
and religious practices.
Another
contemporary mystic who is worthy of mention was Shaikh Sharfuddin
Yahya Manairi (RA). (d. 1380 AD). He belonged to the Firdausia
order, a branch of Suhrawardiyya. He compiled several books,
i.e. Fawaid al-Muridin, Irshadat al-Talibin,Rahat
al-Qulub, etc.
Owaisiya:
Owaisiya
is the name of a Sufi order founded by Hazrat Owais Qarni (radi
Allah anhu)
Hazrat Owais
Qarni(radi Allah anhu) was born in the village of "Qaran"
in Yemen. River "showor" flowed through the city of
Zubaida.
The family
was so poor that there was no money to send him to Maktab or
a teacher. The miracle here is that Hazrat Rasule Karim (sal
lal laho tala alaihi wasalam) became the spiritual guardian
of this child and though they never met, Hazrat Rasullullah
(sal lal laho tala alaihi wasalam) guided him at all times -
such was their bondage. This is the reason why Rasullullah (sal
lal laho tala alaihi wasalam) would often look toward Yemen,
and say : "I am getting the beautiful fragrance Allah's
blessings in the breeze. It is for Owais Qarni." Hazrat
Owais Qarni (radi Allah anhu) could never meet Rasullullah (sal
lal laho tala alaihi wasalam), primarily because he used to
take care of his sick mother. She would not allow him to go
anywhere. After the battle of Uhud, when Hazrat Owais Qarni
(radi Allah anhu) came to know that the Prophet had lost a few
teeth during the encounter, he broke all his teeth one by one
till none was left - as he did not know exactly how many or
which ones were lost by the prophet (sal lal laho tala alaihi
wasalam). Such was the bondage of divine love between the two
men, who never met each other. Once he went to Madina but failed
to meet his most loved guardian. It is on record that on that
day the Prophet (sal lal laho tala alaihi wasalam) suddenly
left home to say prayers in the mosque, leaving hurried instructions
that a great saint was coming to visit him shortly and that
it was predestined that they shall never meet in this world
Hazrat Owais Qarni (radi Allah anhu) knocked the Prophet's door
minutes after the Prophet had left. When he was told that the
Prophet had just left for a nearby mosque, he only smiled, cried
for a while and then left. Years after the Prophet's demise,
on repeated requests from Khalifa Hazrat Umar (radi Allah anhu),
Hazrat Owais Qarni (radi Allah anhu) visited Madina where his
most admired lay buried. He asked Umar (radi Allah anhu) to
come just outside the border of Madina to meet him. Umar (radi
Allah anhu) did what the great saint had bid, but asked why
he ordered him to meet him outside Madina? Owais Qarni (radi
Allah anhu) said, "Omar, how can you walk so close over
the soil under which lay buried the body of Muhammad (sal lal
laho tala alaihi wasalam) I cannot even set my foot on the city
where he lies buried." Such was the depth of his love for
the Prophet (sal lal laho tala alaihi wasalam). At last, only
after the passing away of his mother, he could pay respects
to Rasullullah's (sal lal laho tala alaihi wasalam) holy grave.
Such was pre-ordained for the greatest lover of Allah and his
Prophet (sal lal laho tala alaihi wasalam). But it illustrated
the pedestal of mothers. Serving them would take precedence
over visiting even the Prophet(sal lal laho tala alaihi wasalam).Hazrat
Owais Qarni(radi Allah anhu) used to avoid meeting people who
called on him, observing that the Day of Judgement was near
and he could not afford to waste his time in earthly gossips.Qarni
taught := He who recognises God as a friend makes friendship
with no other creature= Consider the Quran like Khidr, thy guide,
in the path and never forget death. Pray regularly and always.=
Remember night is meant for worship not sleep.
The Prophet
Salla Allahu 'alayhi wa Sallam told on the day of judgment that
Allah will create 70,000 angels same as Owaise of Qarni Radi
Allahu anhuand when Owaise of Qarni Radi Allahu anhu will come
there in between them and will proceed to the heaven, no one
will recognize him except Allah, because in the world he used
to worship away from the mankind and so he will be kept away
from the mankind on the day of judgment.
In his last
days he met Ali Ibn Taleb alayhis 'salam and participated in
the war of Seffin and was martyred there. There is a group of
people who consider themselves as Owaisia. For them there is
no need of teacher and they do not have any source with them
like Owaise of Qarni Radi Allahu anhu, but they are on the right
path of religion due to the Grace of Allah.
His Radi
Allahu anhu grave is in a small village of Yemen, which is far
away from capital Sana.
Mevlevi:
The Mevlevi
Order, or the Mevlevilik or Mevleviye a Sufi order founded in
Konya (in present-day Turkey) by the followers of Jalal ad-Din
Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi(radiAllah anhu), a 13th century Persian
poet, Islamic jurist, and theologian. They are also known as
the Whirling Dervishes due to their famous practice of whirling
as a form of dhikr (remembrance of God). Dervish is a common
term for an initiate of the Sufi path; the whirling is part
of the formal Sema ceremony and the participants are properly
known as semazens.[1]
The Mevlevi
was founded in 1273 by Rumi's(radiAllah anhu). followers after
his death, particularly by his successor Hüsamettin Çelebi
who decided to build a mausoleum for Mevlâna, and then
Mevlâna's son, Sultan Veled Celebi (or Çelebi,
Chelebi, meaning "fully initiated"). He was an accomplished
Sufi mystic with great organizing talents. His personal efforts
were continued by his successor Ulu Arif Çelebi.
The Mevlevi
believe in performing their dhikr in the form of a "dance"
and music ceremony called the Sema, which involves the whirling
from which the order acquired its nickname. The Sema represents
a mystical journey of man's spiritual ascent through mind and
love to "Perfect". Turning towards the truth, the
follower grows through love, deserts his ego, finds the truth
and arrives at the "Perfect". He then returns from
this spiritual journey as a man who has reached maturity and
a greater perfection, so as to love and to be of service to
the whole of creation.
Rumi has
said in reference to Sema, "For them it is the Sema of
this world and the other. Even more for the circle of dancers
within the Sema Who turn and have in their midst, their own
Ka'aba." and what he is saying is that when, like in Mecca
you have come closer to God, likewise when you perform Sema
you are also closer to God.
Khalwati:
The Khalwati
Sufi order (or Halveti, as it is known in Turkey) is an Islamic
Sufi brotherhood (tariqa). Along with the Naqshbandi, Qadiri
and Shadhili orders, it is among the most famous Sufi orders.
It was founded by Pir Umar Khalwati(rehmatullah alaih) in the
city of Herat in medieval Khorasan (now located in western Afghanistan).
The order
spread mostly by wandering Dervishes in vast area, now being
part of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. It originally attracted
the attention of the Mamluk Sultans of Egypt and Syria who by
and large supported the Sufi orders and gave a great deal of
reverence to wandering Dervishes. From their centers of worship
(so called tekkes) in these areas, the order began to spread
to the urban centers of the Islamic world.
The order
grew in popularity during Ottoman times and spread from its
origins in the Middle East to the Balkans (especially in southern
Greece,Kosovo and Macedonia, to Egypt (where it was a popular
Sufi order amongst many of the Sheikhs of al-Azhar University),[citation
needed] Sudan and almost all corners of the Ottoman Empire.
The Khalwati
order had many tekkes in Istanbul, the most famous being the
Jerrahi, Ussaki, Sunbuli, Ramazaniyye and Nasuhi. Although the
Sufi orders are now abolished in the Republic of Turkey, the
above are almost all now mosques and/or places of visitation
by Muslims for prayer.
The Khalwati
order however, still remains strong in Egypt where the Sufi
orders do receive a degree of support from the government. The
Khalwati order also remains strong in the Sudan.
The Nigerian
Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio, although a Qadiri, was initiated into
the Khalwati order along with the Naqshbandi order, and Shaykh
Ahmed at-Tijani was also originally a Khalwati.[citation needed]
The name
of the order is derived from the term "khalwa", which
refers to a spiritual retreat.
Ba'Alawi
:
The Ba'Alawi
Sadah has a Sufi tariqa. It is founded by al-Faqih Muqaddam
As-Sayyid Muhammad bin Ali Ba'Alawi al-Husaini(rehmatullah alaih),
who died in the year 653 AH (1232 CE). He received his ijazah
from Abu Madyan(rehmatullah alaih) in Morocco via two of his
students. Abu Madyan was a student of Abdul Qadir Jilani (radiAllah
anhu), as well as one of the syaikhs in the Shadhiliya tariqa
chain of spiritual transmitters from the Holy Prophet Muhammad
(sal lal laho tala alaihi wasalam).
Rehmaniya:
Hazrat Maulana
Fazl-E-Rehman Gujmuradabadi(rehmatullah alaih) was the Gaus,Kutub,
Imam,Mujaddid of his time and was followed and loved by evry
one, He is one of the most repected Auliya Allah in the list
of all. He was the mureed and jansheen Khalifa of Hazrat Arif-E-Haq
Khwaja Afaq Sahab (rehmatullah alaih). He was born on 1st Ramzan
Mubarak 1208 Hijri and died on 21st Rabi ul awwal 1313 Hijri.
He use to not drink milk until it was magrib for the whole month
of ramzan mubarak. He was so much involved in the love of Allah
and our Holy Prophet (Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam)
and in the same way our Holy Prophet (Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi
wa Sallam) & His Family (Ahle Bayat)use to love him .When
ever he wanted he had the didar(vision) of holy Prophet (Salla
Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam). He had spend his whole life
teaching the qalities of Islam, Sunnah, Love and Humanity. He
dedicated his whole life for the welfare of mankind. He had
the khilafat from Qadri, Chisti, Naqshbandi and Soharwardi Silsila.
He also shares the blood realtion with all this 4 silsila including
silsila-e-arabiya. He also took the knowledge of silsila-e-madariya
from his pir sahab but his main intrest was in silsila-e-naqsbandiya.
Many time he was blessed with the vision of Panjatan Pak(alaih
salam), Shaba-E-Karam(radiallahu anhu), Gaus-e- Pak (radiallahu
anhu) he use to call him Nana jan, Mujadid Alif Sani(rahmatullah
alaih) and many great personalities.
Hazrat Shah
Abdul Aziz Dhelvi(rahmatullah alaih) is a grt muhadis of his
time and has taught hadees shareef to many great personalities
like :
Haji Waris
Pak,
Mawlana
Sayyid Shah Al'e Rasul Qadri Barkati Marahrawi
Sayyad Ahmad
Barelwi
Mawlana
Fazl-e-Haq Khayrabadi
Mawlana
Mahboob Ali Dehlawi
Mufti Sadr
al-Din Aazurdah
Mawlana
Muhammad Ali
Mawlana
Ahmad Ali
.. and many more(peace be upon them all)
See what
he has said about Hazrat Maulana Shah Fazl-e-Rehman Gujmuradabadi
(rahmatullah alaih):
Hazrat Shah
Abdul Aziz Dhelvi(rahmatullah alaih) damaad (son inlaw) asked
him that what is the use of teaching Maulvi Fazl-E-Rehman from
Isha to Tahajud change the timings. Hazrat Shah Abdul Aziz Dhelvi(rahmatullah
alaih) replied the reason for teaching Maulvi Fazl-E-Rehman
alone is that he is learing directly from the bargah(presence)
of our Holy Prophet(sal-lal-laho-tala-alahi-wasalm) and this
is the only reason why i have asked you to attain the classes
so that you might gain something, I suggest you should learn
from Hazrat Maulana Shah Fazl-e-Rehman Gujmuradabadi (rahmatullah
alaih). He is getting the knowledge of Hadees Shraif directly
from Holy Prophet(sal-lal-laho-tala-alahi-wasalm) what ever
he wants he asks our Holy Prophet(sal-lal-laho-tala-alahi-wasalm)
and it is granted to him.
The People
of Firangi mehal and many grt shcolar use to say that who ever
wants to see the life of Prophet (sal lal laho tala alaihi wasalm)
and the sahaba(radiAllah anhu) in todays day must see Hazrat
Maulana Shah Fazl-e-Rehman Gujmuradabadi (rahmatullah alaih).
http://silsila-e-rehmani.webs.com
Warsi:
Sarkar Waris
Pak (rehmatullah alaih) was a great Sufi saint of india is admired
by peoples of all faiths. Sarkar Waris Pak(rehmatullah alaih)
owned the Qadriyya -Razzakiyya Silsila. His genealogy shows
that he was born in the 26th generation of Hazrat Imam Hussain(alaih
salam). The date of his birth is disputed varying from 1233
A.H. to 1238 A.H. The author of Maarif Warisya has put the date
of his birth as 1234 A.H. corresponding to 1809 of the Christian
era. His father, Syed Qurban Ali Shah(rehmatullah alaih) belonged
to a land-lord class and was a man of considerable learning
having completed his education in Baghdad.
He accepted
millions of people belonging to all faith in to warsi silsila.During
that Period Firangi Mahal was the famous religious centre for
north indian muslims and they too were Qadiri People so it was
obvious for them to have intimacy with Sarkar.Ulemas of Firangi
Mahal regarded him as Kamilieen .
http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/lucknow.htm
Sarwari:
The Sarwari
Qadiri Sufi tariqa was originated by Sultan Bahu (rehmatullah
alaih) in the seventeenth century. The first part of its name,
Sawari, derives from the fact that Sultan Bahu claimed to have
taken the oath of allegiance directly from Muhammad(sal lal
laho tala alaihi wasalm). The second part, Qadiri, signifies
that this order is essentially an offshoot of the Qadiri order,
because Sultan Bahu also claimed to have been a disciple of
Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (radiAllah anhu).
The Sarwari
Qadiri order is very similar in its over all philosophy to the
Qadiri order, but distinguishes itself in certain points, the
most notable being Sultan Bahu's stress and extensive reliance
on the practice of 'Tasswar-e-Ism-Zaat' for this disciples.
The basic idea of this practice is to visualize the Arabic name
of God, Allah as having been written on the disciple's heart.
Zahediyeh:
The Zahediyeh
Sufi Order was founded by Sheikh Zahed Gilani (rehmatullah alaih)
of Lahijan. As a precursor to the Safaviyeh Order, which was
yet to culminate in the Safavid Dynasty, the Zahediyeh Order
and its Murshid, Sheikh Zahed Gilani(rehmatullah alaih), reserve
a distinct place in the history of Iran
The Turkish
Bayrami and Jelveti orders are derived from him.
Article
sent by brother
Mazhar Rehmani
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