Tippu Sultan Gombaz Srirangapatnam
"
TIPPU SULTAN SHAHEED-E-AKBAR SHOUD "
" DAKHIL-E-MEHFIL-E-PAYAMBAR SHOUD "
( By : Allama Iqbal Rahmatullah Allaih )
Place
/ Town / City : Srirangapatnam
( 6kms from Mysore and 120 kms from Bangalore )
District : Mandya District
State : Karnataka.
Famous Portrait of Hazrat Tippu Sultan Shaheed Rahmatullahi
Allaih (1750-1799)
Childhood
and Parentage :-
Hazrat Tipu Sultan Shaheed (RA) was the son of Hazrat Haider
Ali (RA) and Hazrata Fathima Begum (RA) born on 20th November
1750 A.D. at Devanahalli in Bangalore District. Hazrat Haider
Ali (RA) named his son after a great Sufi saint namely Tippu
Mastaan Aulia Rahmatullahi Allaih whose dargah shareef is Arcot.
THE
IMPORTANT PLACES, DARGAHS, AULIYAS RELATED TO HAZRATH TIPPU
SULTAN SHAHEED ( RAHMATHULLAH ALAIH ) :-
1) Shahi Gumbaz Where The Mazar-e-Shareef Of Hazrat Hyder Ali
(RA), Hazratha Fathima Begum ( RA) ( Mother Of Hazrat Tippu
Sultan (RA) And Mazar E Shareef Of Hazrath Tippu Sultan (Ra)
And His Wife Mazar Outsie The Gumbaz In Srirangapatna.
2) Shahi Gumbaz Dargah In Kolar, Karnataka.
3) Dargah Shareef Of Hazrath Aqheel Shah Baghdadi (Ra), Great
Auliya Peer-O-Murshid Of Hazrat Hyder Ali (RA) In Channapatna,
Karnataka.
4) Dargah Shareef Of Hazrat Attaulla Shah Baba Shuttari (Ra),
Peer-O-Murshid Of Hazrat Hyder Ali (RA) in Bangalore.
5) Masjid-e-Aala (Jamia Masjid ) In Srirangapatna.
6) Daria Daulat Bagh in Srirangapatna
7) Forts And Palaces In Bangalore.
8) Birth Place , Forts In Devanahalli, in Bangalore.
9) Lalbagh Botanical Garden 4 Kms From Mg Road, Bangalore And
Sringapatna.
10) Place Of Martyrdom In Srirangapatna Where Sacred Body of
Hazrath Tippu Sultan Shaheed Rahmatullahi Allaih Was found.
11) Famous Wooden Masjid In Mangalore Build By Hazrat Tippu
Sultan Shaheed (RA)
Click
here to know more about the Gumbaz -Mausoleum of Hazrat Tippu
Sultan Shaheed (RA) and his father Hazrat Haider Ali (RA) and
mother Hazrata Fathima Begam (RA).
BRIEF
HISTORY OF HAZRATH TIPPU SULTAN SHAHEED ( RA).
At the age of fifteen he used to accompany his father Hazrat
Hyder Ali (RA), Ruler of Mysore State, to different military
campaigns. He was a devout Muslim. He had a very inquisitive
mind and fascination for learning. His personal library was
consisted of more than two thousand books in different languages.
Tippu was a man of simple habits, eating common food and leading
pious life. He had a very dignified personality and impressed
the people who came in contact with him. He was an extremely
active man and worked from dawn to midnight for the welfare
of his subjects. He himself drafted all his correspondence.
He took over the kingdom after his father's death in 1782 A.D.
FIGHTING
THE BRITISH :-
He could foresee the (British) East India Company's design to
get entrenched on Indian soil, and took a vow to foil it. For
this purpose he negotiated with the French and sheltered the
Frenchmen who preached the French revolutionary doctrines to
the public. A "Jacobean Club" was established in Tippu's
capital Srirangapatna, and the French tricolor was hoisted.
He also sought assistance from the Amir of Afghanistan and the
Sultan of Turkey. He had already defeated the British at Wandiwash
in 1783. The British were very scared of Tippu's growing strength,
and they formed an alliance with the Nizam of Hyderabad
State and Marathas of Maharashtra State. The French deserted
Tippu after signing of the "VersaillesTreaty" in Europe
in 1783 when the American War of Independence ended.
As long as the British fought alone, Tippu always defeated them.
But he was no match for their diplomacy, conspiracy and intrigue.
Thus he was defeated in his Capital of Srirangapattana, and
forced to sign a humiliating treaty on March 22nd, 1792. As
a result he had to concede half of his kingdom and pay an indemnity
of thirty three million Rupees to the English and their allies.
Frequent wars had drained his treasury, and hence he had no
hard cash to pay this huge amount. He was compelled to pledge
two of his sons to the conquerors. Governor General Conrnwallis
took away these two youngsters to his headquarters in Calcutta
in Bengal. However, they could not suppress Tippu's spirits
for long, and he rebuilt his war machine in shortest possible
time. He built a fine army and modernized his administration
on the European model. He was an able and fearless military
strategist.
HAZRAT
TIPPU SULTAN SHAHEED (RA)'S GOVERNMENT :-
He built a chain of excellent roads, and constructed tanks and
dams to promote agriculture. He introduced the new industries,
promoted trades and commerce, established factories in Cutch,
Masquat, and Jedda, and sent commercial missions to Oman, Persia
and Turkey. He invited foreign know-how to build factories to
produce glass, mirrors and ship-building. He aimed at making
his kingdom the most prosperous state of India. Hence he was
also interested in latest scientific research all over the world.
He introduced sericulture on a large scale, and mulberry cultivation
was started at twenty one centers. He encouraged the textile
industry by banning the export of cotton. The weavers from Tamilnadu
were invited and settled in his kingdom. Growing of sugarcane
and producing of sugar and candy were encouraged in Channapatna,
Devanhalli and Chikkaballapur. High quality tempered wire required
for the string instruments was produced in Channapatna. The
livestock development got special attention. Tippu prohibited
the production and distribution of liquor and other intoxicants
in his state of Mysore.
Hazrat Tippu Sultan (RA) adopted the tiger as his emblem. His
throne was shaped like a tiger, carrying the head of a life-size
tiger in solid gold (see also the boxed toy above ). He was
an enlightened ruler who treated his non-Muslim subjects generously.
He appointed them to different positions of authority, and gave
them complete freedom of worship. He conferred liberal grants
to Sringeri, Srirangapattana, and Mangalore temples. He gave
funds for the consecration of idols and presented them with
gold and silver articles. He also encouraged arts like music
and dance and learning in general.
Hazrat Tippu Sultan, the eldest son of Hazrat Haider
Ali, was born on December 10, 1750 at Devanhalli. Right from
his early years he was trained in the art of warfare and at
the age of 15 he used to accompany his father Hazrat Haider
Ali, the ruler of Mysore, to different military campaigns. In
Addition, he also learnt different languages, mathematics and
science. Tipu Sultan had a fascination for learning. His personal
library consisted of more than 2,000 books in different languages.
He was an extremely active man and worked hard for the welfare
of his subjects. He took over the kingdom of Mysore after the
death of his father in 1782, who died of a carbuncle in the
midst of a campaign against the British. He continued fighting
the British and defeated them in 1783.
Hazrat Tipu Sultan Shaheed (RA) was a farsighted person who
could foresee East India Company's design to get entrenched
in India. He therefore negotiated with the French for help and
also sought assistance from the Amir of Afghanistan and the
Sultan of Turkey. The British were scared of Tipu's growing
strength and after their defeat in 1783 they formed an alliance
with the Nizam of Hyderabad and
Marhattas. The French, however, deserted Tipu after the signing
of the Treaty of Versailles. The British availed the chance
with the help of the Nizam and the Marathas, and started the
third Anglo-Mysore war in 1790.
As long as the British fought alone, Tipu always defeated them.
But he could not come over their diplomacy, conspiracy and intrigue.
Thus he was defeated in his capital, Seringapatam, and was forced
to sign a humiliating treaty on March 22, 1792. As a result
he had to concede half of his kingdom and pay an indemnity of
33 million rupees to the British and their allies. The alliance
between the adversaries was soon broken and in 1795 the British,
after defeating the Nizam, once again turned their attention
towards Mysore. After the treaty at Seringapatam, Tipu Sultan
did not waste his time and made extensive preparations against
the British. He had rebuilt his war machine in the shortest
possible time with the help of the French. The British regarded
it as a violation of the treaty. This led to the start of the
fourth Anglo-Mysore war in 1798 with the help of the Nizam.
The French were unable to provide the needed support to Tipu
Sultan. Tipu Sultan retreated to his capital and continued fighting
till he breathed his last in May 1799. Tipu Sultan is buried
at a mausoleum that he himself had built, along with his father
Haider Ali and his mother Fatima Begum.
Hazrat Tipu Sultan (RA) was a great patriot and like
his father realized the danger of letting the British becoming
stronger. Although much of the period of his rule was given
to war with the Marhattas, the Nizam and the British, he made
his state secure and peaceful with benevolent rule. He was an
enlightened ruler who treated his non-Muslim subjects generously.
He built a chain of excellent roads and constructed tanks and
dams to promote agriculture. He introduced new industries, promoted
trade and commerce on a large scale. Tipu prohibited the production
and distribution of liquor and other intoxicants in Mysore.
He also built and fortified numerous forts and many palaces,
which were demolished by the British after his death. Bangalore
Summer Palace still survives and is a remnant of his grand rule.
The Sword of Tippu Sultanand Engravings on it
History
of the Sword On the verge of defeat, Tippu lay critically injured
in the battlefield. But he still had his favorite sword with
him. It is said a British soldier tried to snatch away the royal
sword, but Tippu killed him with the same sword that he intended
to possess!After the war, the sword was sent to London with
other loots. After India's independence, it was brought back
to India, only to be smuggled out as a collectible. The federal
authorities seized it in 1988 and retained in India.
Tippu's
accomplishments and popularity among his subjects and in the
neighborhood states were eyesore, for imperialistic designs
of the English. Hence they decided to finish him once for ever.
Fourth Srirangapatanna war came very handy to them to physically
liquidate Tippu on May 4th, 1799. A small monument has been
erected where his dead body was found. Tippu had a good collection
of weapons, but a particular sword was his favorite. He fought
his last war with the same sword. When he was critically injured,
a British intended to snatch sway the weapon, but Tippu killed
him with the same sword which he intended to possess! The victorious
General Harris sent Tippu's war-horse, the palanquin, and a
howdah to the king of Coorg who sided with the British. After
confiscating most of the Tippu's territory, the famous sword
was sent to London. This was brought back after India's Independence
(1947), but was about to be smuggled out of the country when
it was intercepted, and was retained in the country.
Tippu's Toy The mechanical 'Tipoo's Tiger' was captured
at Srirangapattana in 1799 and was exhibited at the East India
Company's headquarters in Leadenhall Street. The tiger roars
and the British officer screams.Picture Courtesy : The East
India Company
The
most famous and beautiful artifact from Tippu Sultan's period
is his summer place, the Daria Daulat. It beautifully depicts
some of the heroic wars Tippu fought and also many social themes
of the period.
PAINTING FROM DARIA DAULAT BAGH
Tippu built the "Gumbaz" at Srinagapattana in 1784
which is a square shaped mausoleum with ivory-inlaid doors and
black marble pillars. Tippu is buried here by the side of his
father Hyder Ali and mother Fatima Begum. Outside the tomb are
the graves of his relatives and commanders. Nearby the "Mashit-e-Aqsa"
mosque, with a pair of small minarets is located. A solar clock
could be found outside this building.
Tippu built and fortified numerous forts, but unfortunately
most of them are either destroyed or are in ruins because of
poor maintenance. The Bangalore fort, located in the heart of
the city has a temple of Sri Ganesh where devotees offer prayers
regularly. Tippu also built many palaces which were demolished
by the British after his death. However his Bangalore Summer
Palace is a great tourist attractions. It is completely made
of wooden structures with five well decorated and painted arches.
TIPPU'S LEGACY :-
"Sword of Tippu Sultan" is the name of a novel by
Bhagwan Gidwani based on his life. Based on it, a serial was
telecast by Doordarshan (the state run television in India)
which became both popular and controversial. On the 4th of May,
1999 Tippu's death bicentenary will be celebrated in India on
a large scale. Though the historians of India are of different
views about his role to dislodge the British from Indian soil,
the common people have great admiration for his heroic deeds.
It is very interesting to note that seventh generation descendants
of Tippu Sultan have arrived at Srirangapattana, all the way
from Calcutta to claim their ancestral properties!
The Daria Daulat Bagh is a national monument and can be visited
by tourists (1999).
A trip from Mysore to Daria Daulat Bagh is steeped in history
and takes one to the Srirangapatna, the erstwhile capital of
Tippu Sultan till his death in 1799. The Daria Daulat Bagh,
at about 14 km from Mysore houses a palace amidst a beautifully
landscaped garden. Tippu sultan, known as the 'Tiger of Mysore'
made this Summer Palace in 1784 and ruled Mysore for a short
time from here after his father Hyder Ali died. The Daria Daulat
Bagh palace is mostly made in teakwood in the Indo-Sarcenic
style and mode of architecture.
The
stately artifacts of Daria Daulat Bagh provides one of the most
pleasant and historically enriching excursions from Mysore.
This palace situated in the island of Srirangapatna amidst the
Kaveri river was declared a National Monument in the year 1959.
The Daria Daulat Bagh palace is now converted in a museum housing
several of Tippu's memorabilia.
The
rectangular spread of the whole palace is raised on a platform
and open corridors with wooden pillars on all its four sides
were perfect for the balmy breeze in summer. The is supported
by numerous wooden pillars that are adorned with carvings. Beautifully
carves wooden staircases and bays provide access to various
halls and the ceilings are adorned with floral patterns.
The
journey from Mysore to Daria Daulat Bagh is easily accessible
by buses. Hired cabs and autos ply regularly between Mysore
and Srirangapatna. The most awesome feature of the palace is
the fresco painting that embellish the walls of the entire palace.
The pillars, walls, canopies, arches and the corridors are all
graced with frescoes in myriad hues. They depict scenes of warfare
by Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan, the Nizams of Hyderabad,
the British and French soldiers. The fresco Durbar views of
Tippu's contemporary rulers include the durbars of Hindu Queen
of Chittorgarh, Balaji Rao II Peshwa, King of Tanjore, King
of Varanasi, Madakari Nayaka and Magadi Kepegowda of Chitradurga
and Krishnaraja Wodeyar II.
MASJID-E-ALA
OR JAMIA MASJID
Masjid-E-Ala
or Jamia Masjid :The mosque situated near the Bangalore Gate
of the fort buit by Tippu Sultan It is said that he performed
the first imamath himself. standing on a high basement with
an open court in the open court in the front and a covered verandah
with a spacious prayer hall with the "Mihrab" on the
west. There is an inscription mentioning the ninety-nine names
of Allah and another records the date of its construction by
Tippu in 1787 A.D.
There
are 2 minarets that are double storied and octagonal in shape
with pigeonholes surmounted by domes that adds to the grandeur
of the entire structure. There are 200 steps leading to the
top of the minarets from where one can get a picturesque view
of the Masjid.
DARGAH SHAREEF WHICH IS POPULARY KNOWN AS GUMBAZ IN SRIRANGAPATNA
Gumbaz
: Mausoleum of Tippu Sultan, and his father Hyder Ali and mother
Fathima Begam. This was built by Tippu Sultan between 1782-84,
the Gumbaz, an imposing structure in the midst of the Lalbagh
garden, stands on a high and wide platform with an open verandah
of polished pillars all round.
The
importance of Gumbaz lies in its well-shaped large dome, ivory
inlaid doors, carved stone windows of fine workmanship and inscriptions.
Tipu's favourite Tiger stripes cover the walls.Inside are the
tombs of Haidar in the center, his wife and his son Tippu on
either side. In the verandah and on the platform are the other
tombs of Haidar's family members. The Gumbaz has magnificent
ebony doors decorated with ivory which was presented by Lord
Dalhousie. The interior walls are covered with lacquer Tiger
stripes which is Tipu's favourite. A corridor affirmed by pillars
of black amphibole walls Gumbaz.
Masjid-e-aksa
a mosque is situated next to the Gumbaz. The Gumbaz is circulated
with a beautiful garden and this gives it a beautiful and cool
sight.
GREAT
LIBRARY AND A VAST COLLECTION OF BOOKS OF HAZRAT TIPPU SULTAN
(RA):-
He was great lover of literature - ( his library was shifted
to london after his shahadat ) .hazrat tippu sultan shaheed
(ra) was a great learned personality . He had a wide collection
of books in his library from all of the world. After his martyrdom
the library was shifted to london. He thought of setting up
a university at srirangapatna and even named it as jami-al-umur.
He started the first newspaper, fauji akhbar. He was himself
an author, and knew besides urdu, persian and arabic other language
like kannada, marathi, english and french. More than 45 books
were written during his times. His library consisted of 2000
manuscripts. He got a massive album prepared depiciting the
pictures of all great Sufi saints both of India and abroad which
proves that he was a great lover of Sufi Saints.
Place of Martyrdom :The place where Tippu Sultan's body was
found.
How
to reach :
Distance : Located 13 km from Mysore, 127kms towards South-West
of Bangalore
Nearest Town : Srirangapatna
Nearest Railway Station : Srirangapatna
Nearest Airport : Mysore Airport.
Lalbagh Botanical Garden 4 kms from MG Road
Regarded as one of the most richly diverse Botanical Garden's
in South Asia. Lalbagh in the Southern part of the city, was
laid out by Haider Ali in 1740. Spread over 97-ha (240 acres)
of Parkland, many of its tropical plants were brought here by
Haider Ali's son Tipu Sultan. Later, John Cameron, the Garden's
Superintendent in the 1870s, imported several more rare species
from Kew Gardens in London. Cameron was also responsible for
initiating work on Lalbagh's famous Glass House, modelled on
London's Crystal Palace and Conceived as a venue for horticultural
shows. Surrounded by champaka trees and pencil cedars, the Glass
House.
GREAT
PERSONALITIES / AULIYAS HAVE VISITED HIS DARGAH SHAREEF : -
Auliyas like Hazrat Kwaja Abdul Bhai Qaseer Chisty (RA) , Allama
Dr. Sir Mohammed Iqbal ( Greatest Poet ) have visited the dargah
Shareef of Hazrath Tippu Sultan (RA), both these Sufis have
metioned the greatness of Hazrath Tippu Sultan Shaheed (RA)
in their sufina kalam ( poems / manqibats ) and a numerous personalities
have done ziarat of this great auliya and shaheed.
SANDAL & URS E SHAREEF OF HAZRAT TIPPU SHAHEED (RA) :-
The sandal & urs e mubarak is grandly celebrated every year.
This is such a great dargah shareef of a great shaheed or auliya
where you will find numerous sandal mubarak ( sandal paste )
comes from different places on this day and people from different
communties attend this great urs e shareef every year. The Main
Sandal Begins at 2 pm afternoon from Masjid-e-Ala and the procession
returns to the dargah shareef after asar namaz and sandal is
applied before magrib namaz.
has played host to several visiting dignitaries. An Annual Flower
show will be held here.
The Entrance to the Park is marked by an equestrian statue of
Chamaraja Wodeyar of Mysore. Another popular attraction is the
surreal Floral Clock, surrounded by Snow White and the Seven
dwarfs. This was a gift from Hindustan Machine Tools, leading
Indian Manufacturers of Watches
Also
Refer : http://www.tipusultan.org/biog.htm
--------------------------------------
Hazrat
Hyder Ali (RA) and the Sufi Saints :-
Two
know more about 2 Great Peer-o-Murshids of Hazrat Hyder Ali
Bahadur (RA) Namely 1) Hazrath Syed Mohammed Aqheel Shah Qadhiri
Al-Baghdadi Wal Hassani Wal Hussaini (Rahmathullah Allaih) and
2) Hazrat Atta ullah Shah Shuttari (Rahmatullah Allaih )
Kindly
see the links given below :-
http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/Channapatna.htm
http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/Shuttari.htm
Hazrat
Tippu Sultan (RA) was born when hazrat Hyder Ali (RA) duas
in the dargah shareef of Tippu Mastaan Auliya (RA) in Arcot
( Tamil Nadu ) . So he kept the same name to Hazrat Tippu Sultan
(RA) who is now the top most famous personality in the world.
Kindly
note the Urs-e-Shareef of Hazrat Hyder Ali Bahadur (RA) is also
celebrated every year in a grand manner at the dargah shareep
Gumbaz in Srirangapatna.
--------------------------------
Click
here to know more about the Gumbaz -Mausoleum of Hazrat Tippu
Sultan Shaheed (RA) and his father Hazrat Haider Ali (RA) and
mother Hazrata Fathima Begam (RA).
Kolar
Shahi Gumbaz Dargah :-
Tippu Sulthan Gombaz
Mazars
of Hazrat Hyder Ali (RA) , Hazrata Fathima Bi (RA) and
Hazrat Tippu Sultan Shaheed (RA) at Gumbaz Dargah, Srirangapatnam
Opposite
to Kolar Tower Clock you will find Dargah by name Shah Gumbaz
Dargah in Kolar . Here you will find some sufi saints mazar
and the mazars of the family members related to Hazrat Tippu
Sultan Shahed in Kolar. Also find the chart showing the family
members details.
Mazars
of Family Members of Hazrat Tippu Sultan (RA) at Gumbaz
Dargah Kolar.
--------------------------------------
Mazars of Some Sufi Saints in Devanahalli related to Hazrat
Tipppu Sultan(RA), Bangalore District
Regarding Devanahalli :- Devahalli is the birth place of
Hazrat Tippu Sultan (RA), here you will find famous forts in
devanahalli and also a few mazars of sufi saints related to
hazrat tippu sultan (RA). The
place is very interesting to visit. Also you will find Dargah
of hazrat Malang Shah Valli (RA) in Devanahalli.
Birth
Place
------------------------------------
Manzarabad
in Sakaleshpur in Hasan District of Karnataka :-
This
place has a importance because you will find a great tree planted
by Hazrat Tippu Sultan himself which has 99 leaves and different
fruits. Even you find this tree in Manzarabad in Sakaleshpur.
Bade
Peer Ka Chilla in Manzarabad : - Very famous chilla related
to the king of auliyas Hazrat Syedina Shaik Abdul Qader Jillani
(RA) is here and it has some secrets related to Hazrat Tippu
Sultan (RA) which
cannot be mentioned in common.
Also
you will find forts in Manzarabad build by Hazrat Tippu Sultan
(RA)
Hazrat
Tippu Sultan (RA) is such a king who is ruling on the hearts
of people even today and set a great example to the humanity.
Click
here to know more about the Gumbaz -Mausoleum of Hazrat Tippu
Sultan Shaheed (RA) and his father Hazrat Haider Ali (RA) and
mother Hazrata Fathima Begam (RA).
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